CHAPTER 1 : DIGITAL LITERACY
1.
A world of technology
·
Digital literacy involves having a current
knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile device, the internet, and
related technologies.
2.
Computers
·
Computers is an electronic device, operating
under the control of instruction stored in its own memory.
·
Example of computers : laptop, tablet, desktop,
server.
3.
Mobile and game device
·
Example : smartphone, digital camera, portable media
player, E-book reader, game console.
4. Data(input)
and information(output)
·
A keyboard contains a key you press to enter data and
instructions to the computer or mobile device.
·
A pointing device is an input device that allows a
user to control a small symbol on the screen called a pointer.
·
Some mobile device and computers enable you to speak
data instructions using voice input and to capture live full motion images
using video input.
·
A scanner is a light-sensing input device that
converts printed text and images into a form that the computer can process.
·
An output device is any hardware component that
conveys information from a computer or mobile device to one or more people.
·
A printer is an output device that produces text and
graphics on a physical medium such as paper.
·
A display is an output device that visually conveys
text graphics and video information.
·
Speakers allow you to hear audio.
·
Memory consist of electronic components that store
instruction. For example is storage media and storage device.
5. The
internet.
·
The internet is a worldwide collections of networks
that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational
institutions and individual.
·
Type of the world wide web:
i.
The web consist of a worldwide collection of
electronic documents, each of which is called a webpage.
ii.
A website is a collection of related webpages
iii.
A web server is a computer that delivers requested
webpages to your computers.
·
A browser is software that enables users with an internet connection to
access and view webpages on a computer or a mobile devices.
·
A search engine is a software that find website and
other information that related to a specific topic.
·
An online social network encourages members to share
their interests, ideas and other thing with other registered users. For
example, facebooks and other registered course.
6. Digital
safety and security.
·
Green computing involves reducing electricity consumed
and environmental waste generated when using computer.
·
Digital safety and security include viruses and other
malware, privacy, health concerns and environmental issue.
7. Program and
apps.
·
Software also called a program tells the computer what
task to perform and how to perform them.
·
Installing is the process of setting up software to
work with the computer, printer and other hardware.
8. Communications
and networks.
·
A communicative device is hardware capable of
transferring items from computers and devices to transmission media and vice
versa.
·
A network is a collection of computers and devices
connected together via communications device and transmission media.
CHAPTER 2 : THE INTERNET
1. The
internet
·
The internet is a worldwide collection of networks
that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational
institutions, and individuals.
2. Evolution
of the internet.
·
Internet is originated as ARPANET in September 1969
and had twomain goal.
3. Connecting
to the internet
·
Connection can occur via wireless modem and wired
connections.
·
An internet service provider (ISP) is a business that
provides individuals and organizations access to the internet free or for a
tree.
·
An IP address is a sequence of numbers that uniquely
identifies each computer or device connected to the internet.
·
A domain name is a text-based name that corresponds to
the IP address.
·
A DNS server translates the domain name into its
associated IP address.
4. The world
wide web
·
The World Wide Web (WWW), or web consists of a
worldwide collection of electronic documents (webpages).
·
A website is a collection of related webpages and
associated items.
·
Web 2.0 refers to website that provide a means for
users to share personal information, allow users to modify website content, and
provide applications through a browser.
·
A browser is an application that enables users with an internet connections to access
and view webpages on a computer or mobile device.
·
A home page is the first page that a website displays.
·
Desktop browsers typically support tabbed browsing.
·
Web publishing is the development and maintenance of
websites.
·
Type of media on the web:
I.
Graphics
II.
Animation
III.
Audio
IV.
Video
V.
Virtual reality
5. Other
internet service
·
Email : is the transmission of messages files via a
computer network
·
Instant Messaging (IM) is a real time internet communications
service.
·
A chat is a real time typed conversation that takes place
on a computer or a mobile device.
·
A chat room is a website or application that permits
users to chat with others who are online at the same time.
·
A discussion forum is an online area in which users
have written discussions about a particular subject.
·
VoIP (Voice over IP) enable users to speak to other
users over the internet.
·
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an internet standard
that permits file uploading and downloading to and from other computers on the
internet.
6. Netiquette
·
Is the code for acceptable internet behaviour
CHAPTER 3 : COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICE
Types of computer include:
1. Desktops
and mobile computers
·
A personal
computer (PC) is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing,
output, and storage activities by itself and is intended to be used by one
person at a time
·
A desktop,
or desktop computer, is a personal computer designed to be in a stationary
location, where all of its components fit on or under a desk or table
·
A laptop,
also called a notebook computer, is a thin, lightweight mobile computer with a
screen in its lid and a keyboard in its base
·
A tablet
is a thin, lightweight mobile computer that has a touch screen
·
A handheld
computer is a computer small enough to fit in one hand
·
A server
is a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other
computers or devices on a network
·
A
supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer — and the most
expensive
2. Terminal
·
A terminal
is a computer, usually with limited processing power, that enables users to
send data to and/or receive information from a server, or host computer
·
An ATM (automated
teller machine) is a self-service banking terminal that connects to a host
computer through a network
·
A
self-service kiosk is a freestanding terminal that usually has a touch
screen for user interaction
3. Cloud
computing
·
Cloud
computing refers to an environment of
servers that house and provide access to resources users access through the
Internet
4. Mobile
device
·
A smartphone
is an Internet-capable phone that usually also includes a calendar, an
appointment book, an address book, a calculator, a notepad, games, browser, and
numerous other apps
·
A digital
camera is a mobile device that allows users to take photos and store the
photographed images digitally
·
A portable
media player, sometimes called a personal media player, is a mobile device
on which you can store, organize, and play or view digital media
·
An e-book
reader (short for electronic book reader), or e-reader, is a mobile device
that is used primarily for reading e-books and other digital publications
5. Game device
·
A game
console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or
multiplayer video games
·
A handheld
game device is a small mobile device that contains a screen, speakers,
controls, and game console all in one unit
6. Embedded
computers
·
An embedded
computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a
larger product
7. Ports and
connections
·
A port is
the point at which a peripheral device attaches to or communicates with a computer
or mobile device so that the peripheral device can send data to or receive
information from the computer or mobile device
·
A connector
joins a cable to a port. A connector at one end of a cable attaches to a
port on the computer or mobile device, and a connector at the other end of the
cable attaches to a port on the peripheral device
·
A USB
port, short for universal serial bus port, can connect up to 127 different
peripheral devices together with a single connector
8. Protecting
hardware
·
A surge
protector, also called a surge suppressor, uses electrical components to
provide a stable current flow and minimize the chances of an overvoltage
reaching the computer and other electronic equipment
·
An uninterruptible
power supply (UPS) is a device that contains surge protection
circuits and one or more batteries that can provide power during a temporary or
permanent loss of power
CHAPTER 4 : PROGRAM AND APPS
• A program, or software, consists of a
series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the
computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
• An application, or app, sometimes called
application software, consists of programs designed to make users more
productive and/or assist them with personal tasks
1. Productivity
application
·
Word
processing software allows
users to create and manipulate documents
·
Clip art is a collection of drawings, photos, and other images
·
Presentation
software allows users to create visual
aids for presentations to communicate ideas, messages, and other information to
a group
·
Spreadsheet
software allows users to organize data
in rows and columns and perform calculations
·
A database
is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval,
and use of that data
·
Note taking
software is an application that
enables users to enter typed text, handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches
anywhere on a page.
·
Calendar
and contact management software is
an application that helps you organize your calendar, keep track of contacts,
and share this information with other devices or users
·
A software
suite is a collection of individual programs available together as a unit
·
Project
management software is an
application that allows a user to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the
events, resources, and costs of a project
·
Accounting
software is an application that helps
businesses of all sizes record and report their financial transactions
·
Personal
finance software is a
simplified accounting application that helps home users and small/home office
users balance their checkbooks, pay bills, track personal income and expenses,
verify account balances, transfer funds, track investments, and evaluate
financial plans
·
Legal
software is an application that assists
in the preparation of legal documents and provides legal information to
individuals, families, and small businesses
·
Tax
preparation software is an
application that can guide individuals, families, or small businesses through
the process of filing federal taxes
·
Document
management software (DMS) is an application
that provides a means for sharing, distributing, and searching through
documents by converting them into a format that can be viewed by any user
2. Security
tool
·
A personal
firewall is a security tool that detects and protects a personal computer
and its data from unauthorized intrusions
·
An antivirus
program protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any
computer viruses found in memory, on storage media, or on incoming files
·
Spyware is
a program placed on a computer or mobile device without the user’s knowledge
that secretly collects information about the user and then communicates the
information it collects to some outside source while the user is online
·
Adware is a
program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on
webpages, email messages, or other Internet services
3. File and
disk management tools
·
File manager
·
Search tool
·
Image viewer
·
Uninstaller
·
Disk cleanup
·
Disk defragmenter
·
Screen saver
·
File compression tool
·
Pc maintenance tool
·
Backup tool
CHAPTER 5 : DIGITAL SAFETY AND SECURITY
1. Digital
security risk
·
A digital
security risk is any event or action that could cause a loss of or damage
to a computer or mobile device hardware, software, data, information, or
processing capability
·
Hacker-corporate spies
·
Cracker- unethical employees
·
Difference between hacker and cracker :
Hacker
|
Cracker
|
1.Break the computer system with ethics to test
the weakness of the system.
2. Do not damage the system or destroy data.
|
1. Deliberately breaks the system to bring damage
and sabotage elements.
2. Unethical.
3. Aggressive and dangerous
|
2. Internet
and network attacks
·
Malware, short for malicious software, consists of programs
that act without a user’s knowledge and deliberately alter the operations of
computers and mobile devices
·
A firewall
is hardware and/or software that protects a network’s resources from intrusion
3. Unauthorized
access and use
·
Unauthorized
access is the use of a computer or network without permission
·
Unauthorized
use is the use of a computer or its data for unapproved or possibly illegal
activities
·
A biometric
device authenticates a person’s identity by translating a personal
characteristic into a digital code that is compared with a digital code in a
computer
·
Digital
forensics is the discovery, collection,
and analysis of evidence found on computers and network
4. Software
theft
• Information theft occurs when someone steals personal or confidential information
• Encryption is a process of converting data that is readable by humans into encoded
characters to prevent unauthorized access
CHAPTER 6 : INSIDE COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICES
1. Processors
·
The processor,
also called the central processing unit (CPU), interprets and
carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer
·
A multi-core
processor is a single chip with two or more separate processor cores
·
The arithmetic
logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations
·
The leading
manufacturers of personal computer processor chips are Intel and AMD
·
A processor
chip generates heat that could cause the chip to malfunction or fail
2. Data
representation
·
Analog signals are continuous and vary in strength and
quality
·
Digital signals are in one of two states: on or off
3. Memory
·
Memory consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those
instructions, and the results of processing the data
·
Two common type of RAM :
-
Dynamic RAM
-
Static RAM
·
Flash
memory can be erased electronically
and rewritten
-
CMOS technology
provides high speeds and consumes little power
4. Adapter
·
An adapter
card enhances functions of a component of a desktop or server system unit
and/or provides connections to peripherals
·
An expansion
slot is a socket on a desktop or server motherboard that can hold an
adapter card
5. Buses
·
A bus
allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to
communicate with each other
-
Data bus
-
Address bus
·
Word size is the number of bits the processor can interpret and
execute at a given time
6. Power
supply and battery
·
The power
supply or laptop AC adapter converts the wall outlet AC power into DC power
CHAPTER 7 : INPUT AND
OUTPUT
Ø Input is
any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer
Ø A keyboard is an input device that contains
keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile
device
Ø A mouse is a pointing device that fits under
the palm of your hand comfortably
Ø A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display
device
Ø A graphics tablet, also called a digitizer, is
an electronic plastic board that detects and converts movements of a style or
digital pen into signals that are sent to the computer
1. Video input
·
Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and
storing them on a computer or mobile device’s storage medium
·
A videoconference
is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people
2. Scanner and
reading devices
·
A scanner
is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then
translates the results into a form the computer can process
·
A bar
code reader, also called a bar code scanner uses laser beams to read bar
codes
·
A QR
code stores information in both a vertical and horizontal direction
·
RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals
to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object
·
An RFID
reader reads information on the tag via radio waves
·
Magstripe
readers read the magnetic stripe on
the back of cards
·
MICR
(magnetic ink character recognition) devices read text printed with magnetized
ink
3. Output
·
Output is data that has been processed into a useful form
4. Displays
·
A display
visually conveys text, graphics, and video information
·
A monitor
is a display that is packaged as a separate peripheral device
5. Printers
·
A printer
produces text and graphics on a physical medium
·
A nonimpact
printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually
contacting the paper
·
An ink-jet
printer forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink
onto a piece of paper
·
An all-in-one
printer is a single device that prints, scans, copies, and in some cases,
faxes
·
A thermal
printer generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against the
heat-sensitive paper
·
A mobile
printer is a small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows a
mobile user to print from a mobile device
·
A label
printer is a small printer that prints on an adhesive-type material that
can be placed on a variety of items
·
Impact
printers form characters and graphics
on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that
physically contacts the paper
CHAPTER 8 : DIGITAL STORAGE
v A storage medium is the physical material on which a
computer keeps data, information, programs, and applications
v Cloud storage is another storage option, in which the
actual online storage media used is transparent to the user
v A storage device is the hardware that records
and/or retrieves items to and from storage media
v Capacity is
the number of bytes a storage medium can hold
-The amount of time it takes a
storage device to locate an item on a storage medium
-The time required to deliver an item from memory to
the processor
v A hard disk contains one or more inflexible,
circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and
information
v A head crash occurs when a read/write head touches the
surface of a platter
v Always keep a backup of your hard disk
v An external hard disk is a separate
freestanding storage device that connects with a cable to a USB port or other
port on a computer or mobile device
v Flash memory chips are a type of solid state media and
contain no moving parts
v An SSD (solid state drive) has several
advantages over magnetic hard disks.
v A memory card is a removable flash memory
device that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or
card reader/writer
v USB flash drives plug into a USB port on a computer or mobile device
v Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides storage to computer or mobile device users
v An optical disc consists of a flat, round,
portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a
laser
•
- A CD-ROM
can be read from but not written to
•
A CD-R
is an optical disc on which users can write once, but not erase
•
A CD-RW
is an erasable multisession disc
v Enterprise storage is a centralized repository for business information that provides
common data management and protection, as well as data sharing functions,
through connections to numerous (and possibly dissimilar) computer systems
v Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to
manage and store data and information using devices intended for heavy use,
maximum efficiency, and maximum availability
v Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that is placed on a network with the sole
purpose of providing storage to users, computers, and devices attached to the
network
v A storage area network (SAN) is a
high-speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to other attached
servers
CHAPTER 9 : OPERATING SYSTEM
Ø An operating system (OS) is a set of
programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the
activities among computer and mobile device hardware
Ø Starting Computers and Mobile Devices
Ø If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a
power button to turn it on
2. Operating system
function
Ø A user interface (UI) controls how you
enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen
Ø How an operating system handles programs directly
affects your productivity
-
Single
tasking and multitasking
-
Foreground
and background
-
Single user
and multiuser
Ø Virtual memory is a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM
Ø Operating systems often provide users with a variety of
tools related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs
Ø Automatic update automatically provides new features or corrections to the program
Ø A user account enables a use to sign in to, or access
resources on, a network or computer
Ø A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific
user
Ø A password is a private combination of
characters associated with the user name
Ø A desktop operating system is a complete
operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets
